Migränmediciner

Migränmediciner refers to the range of medications used to prevent or treat migraine attacks, a neurological condition characterized by recurrent headaches often accompanied by nausea, photophobia and phonophobia. The medication categories include acute treatments, preventive drugs and non-pharmacological adjuncts.

Acute medications are taken at the onset of a migraine to stop pain and associated symptoms. Triptans such as sumatriptan and rizatriptan are the most widely used class; they act as selective serotonin 5‑HT1B/1D receptor agonists, inducing vasoconstriction of dilated cerebral vessels and inhibiting pro‑inflammatory neuropeptide release. Non‑steroidal anti‑inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) and ergotamine derivatives are alternative options, although ergotamine is less common in many countries due to side‑effect concerns. Combination tablets that contain acetaminophen or paracetamol plus caffeine and NSAIDs are also available.

Preventive or prophylactic drugs are prescribed for patients with frequent or severe episodes. Beta‑blockers (propranolol, timolol), antiepileptics (topiramate, valproate), and calcium channel blockers (verapamil) are the mainstays. Newer treatments include CGRP (calcitonin gene‑related peptide) receptor antagonists such as erenumab, fremanezumab and galcanezumab; these target the neuropeptide involved in migraine pathophysiology.

Other supportive measures such as lifestyle modification, trigger avoidance, and biofeedback are often recommended in conjunction with medication. Treatment choice depends on attack frequency, severity, side‑effect tolerance and comorbid conditions. Patients are advised to consult a neurologist or headache specialist for personalized therapy planning.