Microcar

A microcar is the smallest class of production passenger car, designed primarily for urban use and economical operation. Definitions vary by country, but microcars are typically very short (often under about 2.8–2.9 meters in length), powered by engines well under 700 cc, and capable of modest top speeds. In some markets these vehicles are classified as quadricycles rather than conventional automobiles, which affects licensing and safety rules.

History and characteristics: The category emerged in the postwar era when fuel shortages and limited purchasing power encouraged ultra-compact mobility. Many microcars had tiny two- or three-wheeled configurations, lightweight bodies, and two- or four-seat layouts. Notable models include the Iso Isetta (and BMW’s licensed version), the Messerschmitt KR200, and the Fiat 500 (along with its small sibling, the Fiat 600). In Britain, short-run minibuses and “minicar” designs such as the Bond Minicar were produced to emphasize affordability and city usability. These cars prioritized economy and ease of operation over performance or safety.

Design and performance: Microcars typically weigh a few hundred kilograms and produce tens of horsepower. They may use front- or rear-mounted engines, front- or rear-wheel drive, and sometimes three-wheel configurations. Interiors are minimal, and the emphasis is on compact dimensions, low running costs, and maneuverability in crowded urban streets. Safety features and crash protection are limited compared with larger cars, reflecting their design priorities.

Evolution and modern context: By the late 1960s, microcars declined as larger, more practical small cars became widely available. The term persists in some markets to describe ultra-compact, city-focused vehicles, especially electric models or lightly regulated quadricycles such as those produced by Aixam and similar brands. In Europe, regulatory distinctions often determine how these vehicles are categorized and licensed.

Notable examples: Iso Isetta, BMW Isetta (license-built), Messerschmitt KR200, Fiat 500, Bond Minicar.