Forest science examines various aspects of forests, such as tree growth, regeneration, and biodiversity. Researchers study how forests function as ecosystems, including nutrient cycling, water retention, and carbon sequestration. They also investigate the impacts of climate change, pollution, and human activities on forest health and sustainability. Techniques like remote sensing, GIS (geographic information systems), and field measurements are commonly used to gather data and monitor forest conditions.
Silviculture, a key component of metsätiede, focuses on the art and science of controlling forest establishment, composition, growth, health, and quality to meet specific objectives. This includes managing forests for timber production, wildlife habitat, recreation, and conservation. Forestry practices aim to balance economic, social, and environmental goals, ensuring that forests remain productive and resilient over time.
Dendrology, the study of trees, is another important branch of metsätiede. It involves identifying, classifying, and understanding tree species, their adaptations, and their roles in ecosystems. Knowledge of dendrology helps in selecting appropriate tree species for reforestation, urban greening, and landscape restoration.
Metsätiede also addresses challenges such as deforestation, forest degradation, and invasive species. Sustainable forest management practices, such as selective logging, agroforestry, and reforestation, are developed to mitigate these issues. Additionally, forest science contributes to climate change mitigation by promoting afforestation and the use of forest products as renewable resources.
In Finland and other Nordic countries, metsätiede plays a significant role in national forest policies and practices, given the region’s extensive forest cover. Research institutions, universities, and government agencies collaborate to advance knowledge and implement sustainable forest management strategies.