Metsänviljely

Metsänviljely, also known as afforestation or reforestation, refers to the process of establishing forest cover on land that has previously been forested or on land that has not been forested for a long period. This can involve planting trees or encouraging natural regeneration. The primary goals of metsänviljely are diverse, ranging from timber production and conservation of biodiversity to soil protection and climate change mitigation.

The practice typically begins with site preparation, which may include clearing existing vegetation, tilling the soil, or other methods to create a favorable environment for seedling establishment. Following preparation, seeds or seedlings are planted. The choice of species is crucial and depends on factors such as the local climate, soil conditions, desired forest function, and economic objectives. In many cases, native tree species are preferred to support local ecosystems.

Natural regeneration can also be a component of metsänviljely, where existing seed sources or root systems are allowed to develop into a new forest. This might involve scarification of the soil or leaving seed trees after harvesting. Monitoring and maintenance are essential post-planting activities to ensure the survival and healthy growth of the young trees. This can include weeding, protecting against pests and diseases, and thinning to reduce competition. Metsänviljely plays a significant role in sustainable forest management and land restoration efforts worldwide.