Metanolimyrkytystä

Metanolimyrkytystä is the Finnish term for methanol poisoning. Methanol, also known as wood alcohol, is a toxic substance that can cause severe health problems and death if ingested. It is often found in industrial solvents, antifreeze, and as a denaturant for ethanol. Accidental ingestion can occur if methanol is mistakenly consumed as a substitute for ethanol, or through exposure to contaminated food or drink.

Symptoms of methanol poisoning can appear several hours after ingestion and may include headache, dizziness, nausea, vomiting, abdominal pain, and visual disturbances. As the poisoning progresses, more severe symptoms can develop, such as shortness of breath, confusion, seizures, coma, and metabolic acidosis. The optic nerve is particularly vulnerable, and even small amounts of methanol can lead to permanent blindness.

Metabolism of methanol in the body produces formaldehyde and formic acid, which are highly toxic and responsible for the characteristic symptoms and organ damage. The liver metabolizes methanol, but this process is slow, and the toxic byproducts accumulate.

Diagnosis of methanol poisoning relies on a history of exposure and the presence of characteristic symptoms. Blood tests can confirm the presence of methanol and its metabolites, as well as assess the severity of metabolic acidosis.

Treatment for methanol poisoning is a medical emergency and involves immediate supportive care and specific antidotes. Fomepizole is commonly used to inhibit the metabolism of methanol, preventing the formation of toxic byproducts. Hemodialysis may also be necessary to remove methanol and its toxic metabolites from the blood. Prompt medical intervention is crucial to prevent severe complications such as blindness, organ failure, and death.