Metallavsättning

Metallavsättning refers to the process of depositing a thin layer of metal onto a substrate. This technique is crucial in various industries, including electronics, optics, and manufacturing, for enhancing material properties, creating functional surfaces, or decorative finishes. The methods employed can be broadly categorized into physical vapor deposition (PVD) and chemical vapor deposition (CVD).

PVD methods involve the physical transfer of metal atoms or molecules from a source material to the substrate. Common PVD techniques include sputtering, where ions bombard a metal target, causing atoms to be ejected and then condense on the substrate, and evaporation, where the metal source is heated until it vaporizes and then condenses onto the cooler substrate. These methods are often performed in a vacuum to prevent contamination and ensure high-quality films.

CVD methods utilize chemical reactions to deposit the metal. In a typical CVD process, volatile precursor compounds containing the desired metal are introduced into a reaction chamber. At elevated temperatures or with the aid of catalysts, these precursors decompose or react, depositing a solid metal film onto the substrate. Atomic layer deposition (ALD) is a specialized form of CVD that offers exceptional control over film thickness and uniformity, depositing material one atomic layer at a time.

The choice of deposition method depends on factors such as the desired film thickness, material properties, substrate compatibility, and cost-effectiveness. Metallavsättning plays a vital role in creating components for semiconductors, reflective coatings for mirrors, corrosion-resistant layers, and decorative elements on consumer goods.