Metaaldampkoorts

Metaaldampkoorts, commonly known in English as metal fume fever, is an acute, self-limiting illness caused by inhalation of metal oxide fumes released during processes such as welding, soldering, galvanizing, brazing, or metal grinding. The fumes most often contain zinc oxide, but fumes from other metals such as copper, magnesium, or aluminum can also contribute.

Symptoms typically begin within 4 to 24 hours after exposure, though onset can be as soon as a few hours after work begins. Patients report fever, chills, malaise, myalgias, headache, cough, throat irritation, and occasionally chest tightness or dyspnea. A metallic taste and mild leukocytosis can occur. Most cases resolve within 24 to 48 hours after exposure ends, without lasting lung damage.

The exact mechanism is not fully understood; it is believed to be an inflammatory response to inhaled metal oxide particles, with cytokine release such as IL-1, IL-6, TNF-alpha, leading to flu-like symptoms. It is not an infection and usually lacks significant radiographic abnormalities.

Diagnosis is based on clinical presentation and history of exposure; chest radiographs are typically normal. Tests are supportive and used to exclude infection or other pneumonias.

Treatment is supportive, with no specific antidote. Management includes rest, fluids, antipyretics, and analgesics. Removing the patient from exposure is essential; symptoms resolve as fumes are cleared.

Prevention focuses on exposure control measures and PPE: adequate ventilation, local exhaust ventilation, fume hoods, respirators appropriate to the metal involved, monitoring of airborne concentrations, and worker education. Compliance with occupational exposure limits reduces risk. The prognosis is generally excellent with prompt removal from exposure.