MessengerApps

Messenger apps are software applications that enable real-time communication over the internet, including text messaging, voice and video calls, and multimedia sharing. They are typically installed on smartphones, tablets, and desktops and may operate as standalone services or as part of larger social platforms.

Core features often include one-to-one and group chats, presence indicators, message history, file sharing, voice/video calls, voice notes, stickers, keyboards, and sometimes integrated payments or bots. Many offer cross-platform syncing and push notifications.

History and examples: The modern mobile era saw rapid growth after early messaging services, with WhatsApp (acquired by Facebook) and Facebook Messenger becoming dominant, alongside WeChat in China, Telegram, Signal, Viber, and Line. Some apps are tied to social networks; others are independent.

Technology: Messenger apps use a client-server architecture with servers to route messages and push notification services. Some offer end-to-end encryption by default or as an option, using protocols such as the Signal Protocol. Message delivery can involve metadata collection, server storage, and multi-device synchronization.

Privacy, security, and regulation: Data handling varies by service. End-to-end encryption protects content in transit for many apps, but metadata and backup copies may be retained. Governments and regulators focus on content moderation, data localization, and access to communications.

Impact and use: They support personal communication, customer service, and business messaging with automation and APIs. The rise of messenger apps has influenced digital communication norms, mobile data consumption, and competition with traditional SMS.