Membránfiltráció

Membránfiltráció is a separation process that uses a semipermeable membrane to separate solid particles, bacteria, and other contaminants from a liquid or gas. The process relies on the membrane's pore size, which allows the desired substance to pass through while retaining the unwanted components. Various types of membranes exist, distinguished by their pore size and material, which dictate their suitability for different applications.

The driving force for membrane filtration is typically pressure, although other methods like electroosmosis or diffusion can also be employed. Depending on the pressure applied and the membrane's characteristics, different levels of separation can be achieved. This leads to several distinct membrane filtration techniques, including microfiltration, ultrafiltration, nanofiltration, and reverse osmosis. Each of these methods offers a specific range of particle retention, making them applicable to a wide array of industrial and laboratory tasks.

Applications of membránfiltráció are diverse and widespread. It is extensively used in the purification of drinking water, wastewater treatment, and the food and beverage industry for processes such as clarification and sterilization. In the pharmaceutical and biotechnology sectors, it plays a crucial role in producing sterile solutions, separating proteins, and concentrating biological molecules. The technology is also employed in chemical processing, hemodialysis, and even in laboratory research for sample preparation and purification. The efficiency and versatility of membránfiltráció make it an indispensable tool in modern science and industry.