Meltemi

Meltemi is the name given to a group of dry, northerly winds that blow across the Aegean Sea and surrounding regions, particularly Greece. It is associated with the Etesian wind system that recurs in the eastern Mediterranean during the summer months, producing persistent, stable air and clear skies.

Geographically, the Meltemi most strongly affects the Aegean coastlines of Greece, including the Cyclades and the Dodecanese, and can influence coastal areas of southern Turkey. Its influence can extend to Crete and other eastern Mediterranean locales during peak season.

Timing and meteorology: Meltemi winds are most pronounced in summer, typically from late spring through early autumn, with their peak in midsummer. They arise from relatively high atmospheric pressure over continental Europe and Asia compared with lower pressures over the Mediterranean, driving air from the north or northwest toward the sea. The winds are usually dry and can range from moderate to strong, with gusts capable of reaching or exceeding 40–50 knots in gusty conditions.

Effects: On the sea, Meltemi winds produce generally calm conditions near the coast but can generate challenging seas offshore or during gusts, affecting sailing, fishing, and maritime schedules. The air tends to be cool and dry, contributing to relief from heat but sometimes leading to abrupt changes in wind strength and direction.

In culture and tourism, Meltemi is a familiar feature of summer in the Aegean and is often anticipated by sailors and travelers. Its regularity shapes wind patterns, nautical activities, and local weather expectations in the region.