Melia

Melia is a genus of flowering plants belonging to the family Meliaceae, commonly known as mahogany trees. The genus comprises approximately 50 species, primarily distributed across tropical and subtropical regions of Africa, Asia, and the Americas. Melia species are notable for their fast growth, hardwood, and aromatic properties, making them valuable in forestry, furniture-making, and traditional medicine.

One of the most well-known species is *Melia azedarach*, commonly called the chinaberry or Persian lilac. This deciduous tree is widely cultivated for its ornamental value, featuring clusters of fragrant, lavender-like flowers followed by small, round fruits. While its wood is less prized than that of other Melia species, it is occasionally used for carving and small woodworking projects. The tree is also known for its toxic seeds, which contain rotenone, a natural pesticide used historically in fishing and agriculture.

Another significant species is *Melia azedarach* subsp. *baileyana*, or the white chinaberry, which differs slightly in leaf and fruit characteristics. In contrast, *Melia volkensii*, native to East Africa, produces a dense, durable hardwood highly sought after for high-quality furniture and cabinetry. This species is also valued in traditional African medicine for its anti-inflammatory and antimalarial properties.

Melia trees generally thrive in well-drained soils and require moderate to full sunlight. They are relatively drought-tolerant once established but are sensitive to frost, limiting their cultivation to warmer climates. Some species, such as *Melia azedarach*, have been introduced to various regions outside their native range, sometimes becoming invasive due to their adaptability and rapid spread.

In addition to their economic and ornamental uses, Melia species play ecological roles as host plants for various insects and birds. However, their toxic compounds can deter herbivores, contributing to their survival in competitive environments. Conservation efforts for some species are important due to habitat loss and overharvesting of mature trees for timber.