Melampittidae

Melampittidae is a family of birds found in New Guinea. The family currently contains only one genus, Melampitta, with two recognized species. These species are the greater melampitta and the lesser melampitta. They are ground-dwelling birds, typically found in the dense undergrowth of rainforests. Their plumage is generally dark, with some sexual dimorphism present in coloration and size depending on the species.

The greater melampitta (Melampitta lugubris) is larger and more robust than the lesser melampitta. It has a preference for higher altitudes within its range. The lesser melampitta (Melampitta plicata) is more widespread and can be found in a variety of forest types. Both species are relatively secretive and their exact distribution and population status are not fully understood due to their elusive nature.

Their diet consists mainly of insects and other invertebrates, which they forage for on the forest floor. They have been observed probing leaf litter and decaying wood. Their vocalizations are described as soft whistles and calls, often difficult to detect in their habitat. The breeding biology of melampittids is poorly documented, but they are thought to be ground nesters.

The taxonomic placement of Melampittidae has been a subject of debate among ornithologists. Historically, they have been placed in various families, including the pittas and the Australasian thrushes. Recent molecular studies suggest they represent a distinct family, potentially related to the passerine birds. Further research is ongoing to clarify their evolutionary relationships.