Megadiverse

Megadiverse refers to a group of countries that harbor a large majority of the Earth's species and a significant proportion of its endemic species. These nations are considered biodiversity hotspots due to their vast and varied ecosystems, which include rainforests, coral reefs, deserts, and mountains. The concept of megadiversity was first proposed in the late 1980s and has since become a key framework for understanding and conserving global biodiversity.

There are typically considered to be 17 megadiverse countries. These countries are located in tropical and subtropical regions and share common characteristics such as large land areas, high levels of endemism, and a wide range of habitats. Examples of megadiverse countries include Brazil, Colombia, Ecuador, Peru, Mexico, Madagascar, Indonesia, Malaysia, Papua New Guinea, Australia, and China.

The immense biodiversity found in megadiverse countries provides numerous ecosystem services essential for human well-being, such as clean air and water, pollination of crops, and climate regulation. These regions are also sources of new medicines and provide significant economic opportunities through ecotourism and sustainable resource management. However, megadiverse countries often face substantial threats to their biodiversity, including habitat loss due to deforestation, agricultural expansion, pollution, climate change, and overexploitation of natural resources. Conservation efforts in these countries are therefore crucial for the global preservation of life on Earth.