Markersgenetic
Markersgenetic, commonly referred to as genetic markers, are DNA sequences with known locations in the genome that can vary among individuals or populations. They serve as reference points used to track inheritance, locate genes associated with traits, and compare genetic differences across individuals or groups.
Common types include single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs), short tandem repeats (STRs or microsatellites), insertion-deletion polymorphisms (indels),
Genotyping methods include PCR-based assays, capillary electrophoresis for STRs, SNP arrays, and next-generation sequencing. Genotyping arrays
Applications cover disease gene mapping, pharmacogenomics, population genetics, forensic identification, paternity testing, and ancestry inference. In
Limitations include ascertainment bias, population structure confounding in association studies, mutation rates of markers, and privacy