Maldives

The Maldives, officially the Republic of Maldives, is a tropical island nation in the Indian Ocean, southwest of Sri Lanka and India. It comprises about 1,200 coral islands arranged in 26 atolls and covers a land area of roughly 300 square kilometers. The capital and largest city is Malé. The population is around 540,000. The national language is Dhivehi, and Islam is the state religion.

Geography and environment: The islands are very low-lying, with most land less than 1.5 meters above sea level, making them vulnerable to sea-level rise. The climate is tropical, with a wet season associated with the southwest monsoon and a dry season associated with the northeast monsoon. Coral reefs surround the atolls and support fisheries and tourism.

Government and politics: The Maldives is a presidential republic. The president serves as head of state and government, and a unicameral People's Majlis legislates. The country gained independence from the United Kingdom in 1965 and established the republic in 1968. The legal system blends customary law with civil and Islamic law.

Economy and society: Tourism is the main economic activity, driving growth and employment, with many resort islands and guesthouses. Fishing remains an important traditional sector. The economy is highly import-dependent and vulnerable to external shocks. The currency is the Maldivian rufiyaa (MVR). The main international gateway is Velana International Airport near Malé; domestic transport relies on seaplanes, speedboats, and ferries.

Culture: Dhivehi is written in the Thaana script. Islam shapes daily life, law, and festivals. Traditional arts include Boduberu music, lacquer work, and weaving. The country takes measures on environmental protection and climate resilience due to its exposure to extreme weather and rising seas.

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