Makuladegneraatio

Makuladegneraatio, also known as age-related macular degeneration (AMD), is a common eye condition that affects the macula, a small part of the retina responsible for sharp, central vision. This central vision is crucial for activities like reading, driving, and recognizing faces. AMD is the leading cause of vision loss in people over the age of 50.

There are two main forms of AMD: dry AMD and wet AMD. Dry AMD is more common and develops gradually as the macula thins and deteriorates. It can cause blurred or reduced central vision. Wet AMD is less common but more severe. It occurs when abnormal blood vessels grow under the macula and leak fluid or blood, causing rapid damage and distortion of vision.

The exact cause of AMD is not fully understood, but age is the biggest risk factor. Other risk factors include genetics, smoking, cardiovascular disease, and Caucasian ethnicity. While there is no cure for AMD, treatments are available to slow its progression or manage vision loss. For dry AMD, nutritional supplements containing antioxidants may help some individuals. For wet AMD, treatments like anti-VEGF injections can help reduce abnormal blood vessel growth and leakage. Regular eye exams are important for early detection and management of AMD.