Maitiaisneste

Maitiaisneste, or colostrum, is the first form of milk produced by mammals after giving birth. It is rich in proteins and antibodies and plays a crucial role in neonatal immunity and nutrition. While the exact composition varies by species, maitiaisneste typically contains high levels of immunoglobulins (antibodies), particularly IgA in humans and IgG/IgM in other mammals, along with lactoferrin, growth factors, cytokines, enzymes, vitamins, and minerals. It is usually more viscous and pigmented than mature milk and generally has higher protein and lower fat and lactose content.

Production timeline and transition: In humans, maitiaisneste is produced during late pregnancy and the first days after birth, commonly lasting about two to five days before milk shifts to mature milk. In dairy cattle and other livestock, colostrum is produced primarily in the first day or two after calving, with rapid decline as the mammary gland moves toward transitional and then mature milk.

Function and significance: The primary role of maitiaisneste is to provide passive immunity to the newborn, helping to defend against pathogens while the immune system is developing. It also supports gut maturation and barrier function. Species differences mean the relative importance of different antibody types can vary; for example, mucosal IgA is especially prominent in human colostrum.

Uses and handling: In agriculture, feeding colostrum to newborn calves is essential for adequate antibody transfer. In human nutrition, bovine colostrum products are marketed as dietary supplements, but evidence for specific health benefits varies, and safety and processing can affect antibody content.