Mahabali

Mahabali, also known as Bali or Mahabali, is a legendary king in Hindu mythology, revered in various traditions as a just and generous ruler. The name combines maha, meaning great, with Bali, a term associated with strength or sacrifice. In most texts, he is depicted as a benevolent asura king who expanded his dominion through righteous rule and charitable giving.

Core narratives describe Bali as the son of Virochana and ruler of the asuras. He performed numerous yajnas (sacrifices) and accumulated wealth and power, gaining the respect of gods and humans alike. The most famous episode involves the avatar of Vishnu in the form of Vamana, a dwarfish Brahmin who asks Bali for three paces of land. Bali agrees, and Vamana then grows to cosmic size, covering heaven and earth in two steps. For the third step, Bali offers his own head, prompting Vishnu to place the foot on him and cast him to the underworld. In many traditions, Bali is allowed to rule Sutala (the realm of the virtuous underworld) and is believed to visit his earthly subjects once a year.

In Kerala and parts of South India, Mahabali is celebrated during the festival of Onam. The annual homecoming is associated with themes of generosity, justice, and harmony. Onam customs include floral carpets, a ceremonial feast, and various cultural performances, reflecting the belief that Mahabali returns to bless his people.

The Mahabali narrative has been elaborated in multiple Puranas and regional folk traditions, emphasizing dharma, generosity, and humility as central ideals.