Macau

Macau, officially the Macao Special Administrative Region of the People's Republic of China, is a small peninsula and two islands on the southern coast of China, opposite Hong Kong. It covers about 32.9 square kilometers and has a population of around 680,000. It consists of the Macau Peninsula and the islands of Taipa and Coloane, connected by bridges and reclaimed land, including the Cotai Strip.

Formerly a Portuguese colony from the 16th century, Macau was handed over to China in 1999 and now operates under the "one country, two systems" framework as a Special Administrative Region. It maintains its own legal system, currency, and border controls separate from mainland China. The Chief Executive heads the government, and the Legislative Assembly passes laws, with a mix of elected and appointed members.

Its economy is service-oriented, with a preeminent casino and tourism sector that has driven growth since the late 20th century. Gaming revenues have made Macau one of the wealthiest regions in Asia on a per-capita basis. Tourism, hospitality, finance, and real estate are central to the economy. The Macanese pataca (MOP) is the official currency.

Macau features a blend of Portuguese and Chinese influences, reflected in its architecture, cuisine, and festivals. The Historic Centre of Macao, including Ruins of St. Paul’s and Senado Square, is a UNESCO World Heritage Site (designated 2005). The official languages are Chinese (Cantonese) and Portuguese; most residents speak Cantonese and share a unique Macanese culture.

Macau has a well-developed transport network, including the Macau International Airport on Taipa, border crossings with mainland China at Gongbei and via the Hong Kong–Zhuhai–Macau Bridge, and a network of ferries and buses. The region maintains its own immigration and customs controls.