Macao

Macao, also spelled Macao, is a Special Administrative Region of the People’s Republic of China. It lies on the western shore of the Pearl River Delta in southern China, opposite Zhuhai and near Hong Kong. The territory covers about 32.9 square kilometers and comprises the Macao Peninsula, Taipa, and Coloane, which are connected by reclamation to form the Cotai district. Its population is around 680,000, making it one of the most densely populated areas in the world.

Historically a Portuguese trading post established in the 16th century, Macao remained a Portuguese colony until sovereignty was transferred to China in 1999. Under the framework of “one country, two systems,” Macao maintains a separate legal system, fiscal regime, immigration policies, and administrative structure from Mainland China, as outlined in the Basic Law. The Chief Executive heads the regional government.

The Macao economy is service-oriented and highly dependent on tourism and gaming. It has one of the highest per-capita GDPs in the world, driven by casinos, luxury hospitality, conventions, and retail. The official currency is the Macao pataca (MOP), with the Hong Kong dollar widely accepted; the pataca is pegged to the Hong Kong dollar under a currency board arrangement. The Gaming Inspection and Coordination Bureau regulates licenses and operations.

Culturally, Macao reflects a blend of Chinese and Portuguese influences. Official languages are Chinese (Cantonese) and Portuguese, while Mandarin is increasingly used in business and education. The historic center of Macao, a UNESCO World Heritage Site, features landmarks such as the Ruins of St. Paul’s, Senado Square, and the A-Ma Temple. Education includes institutions like the University of Macao. Macao’s infrastructure includes the Macau International Airport and extensive linkages to Mainland China via bridges, including the Hong Kong–Zhuhai–Macao Bridge.