MTBO

MTBO, or mountain bike orienteering, is a sport that combines mountain biking with navigation. Competitors use a detailed map and usually a compass to locate a series of control points set in forests and other natural terrain. The aim is to visit all controls on the course in the prescribed order or in any order, depending on the rules for that course, while finishing in the fastest time. Success depends on both accurate map reading and efficient riding as competitors choose bike routes that balance speed with navigation safety.

The sport is governed internationally by the International Orienteering Federation (IOF). World and continental championships, such as the World MTB Orienteering Championships (WMOC) and the European MTBO Championships, are organized by IOF member federations. National clubs also host regional and local events, providing entry for beginners and experienced competitors alike.

Courses are designed to test navigation and cycling skill across varied terrain. Each course has a set number of controls whose locations are described on a course map; riders must visit every control and record visits with punching electronics or a control card. Maps are specialized for MTBO, showing bikeable terrain, trails, vegetation, and terrain features; controls are placed at feature-rich locations to balance route choices and technical difficulty. Riders usually use protective gear, a mountain bike equipped for off-road riding, a map case, and a compass when required.

Formats vary by event and region, ranging from sprint to middle and long distance races, and sometimes relay events. The sport emphasizes fair play, safety, environmental responsibility, and enjoyment of navigation and off-road cycling.