MDD1

MDD1, or Major Depressive Disorder type 1, is a classification within the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM-5) used to describe a severe form of depression. It is characterized by persistent feelings of sadness, hopelessness, and a loss of interest or pleasure in daily activities for at least two weeks. These symptoms significantly impair functioning in social, occupational, or other important areas of life.

The disorder typically involves at least five of the following symptoms, present most of the day, nearly every day, during the same two-week period: depressed mood, diminished interest or pleasure in activities, significant weight loss or gain, insomnia or hypersomnia, psychomotor agitation or retardation, fatigue or loss of energy, feelings of worthlessness or excessive guilt, difficulty concentrating, and recurrent thoughts of death or suicide. At least one of the symptoms must be either a depressed mood or loss of interest or pleasure.

MDD1 is often diagnosed when the symptoms are severe enough to cause marked impairment in social or occupational functioning. It may occur as a single episode or recur multiple times throughout a person’s lifetime. Risk factors include a family history of depression, major life stressors, certain medical conditions, and substance abuse. Biological factors, such as imbalances in brain chemicals (neurotransmitters), may also play a role.

Treatment typically involves a combination of psychotherapy, such as cognitive-behavioral therapy (CBT), and pharmacotherapy, including selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs) or other antidepressants. Lifestyle changes, such as regular exercise, adequate sleep, and a balanced diet, may also support recovery. In severe cases, hospitalization or electroconvulsive therapy (ECT) may be considered.

Prognosis varies depending on individual factors, but with appropriate treatment, many individuals experience significant improvement. Early intervention and ongoing management are key to reducing the risk of recurrence and improving long-term outcomes.