MBCT

Mindfulness-Based Cognitive Therapy (MBCT) is an evidence-based psychotherapeutic approach designed to prevent depressive relapse in adults with a history of recurrent major depressive disorder. It combines elements of cognitive behavioral therapy with mindfulness practices to help individuals recognize and disengage from ruminative thinking that can precede relapse. MBCT was developed in the late 1990s by Zindel Segal, J. Mark Williams, and John Teasdale, drawing on mindfulness-based stress reduction and cognitive therapy. The program is commonly delivered in eight weekly group sessions of about two and a half hours, plus a day-long retreat; participants also commit to daily home practice. Core components include mindfulness practices (such as focused breathing and body scan), psychoeducation about depression and relapse, and cognitive techniques that cultivate nonjudgmental awareness of thoughts and automatic patterns, along with relapse-prevention planning.

MBCT is intended for adults who are currently in remission or experiencing mild residual symptoms and who have a history of multiple depressive episodes. It is used as a relapse-prevention strategy and has also been explored as an adjunct to ongoing treatment for anxiety and mood symptoms. Evidence from randomized trials and meta-analyses indicates that MBCT reduces the risk of depressive relapse in people with recurrent depression, with effects persisting over follow-up; some studies compare favorably with maintenance antidepressant treatment when appropriate. MBCT is typically delivered by trained instructors in group settings, though online and blended formats are increasingly available. It is generally well tolerated, but can provoke emotional distress in some participants and should be pursued under professional supervision, particularly if there are ongoing safety concerns.