México

México, officially the United Mexican States, is a country in the southern part of North America. It is bordered by the United States to the north; Belize and Guatemala to the southeast; with coastlines on the Pacific Ocean to the west and south, and on the Gulf of Mexico and the Caribbean Sea to the east. The capital and largest city is Mexico City, a major political, economic, and cultural center. The country has diverse landscapes, including deserts, high plateaus, rainforests, and mountain ranges such as the Sierra Madre Oriental and Sierra Madre Occidental.

México is a federal republic of 32 federal entities: 31 states and the Mexico City entity. The government features executive, legislative, and judicial branches, with the president serving as head of state and government. The 1917 constitution outlines the framework for the state and its laws.

As of the 2020 census, the population was about 126 million. The economy is diversified, with manufacturing, services, mining, and oil. It is integrated into regional and global markets, notably through the USMCA. Key exports include vehicles, machinery, electronics, oil, and agricultural products. Tourism, culture, and science are important sectors as well.

Mexico has a rich cultural heritage from ancient civilizations such as the Maya and Aztec, combined with Spanish colonial influence. Mexican cuisine, art, and music are widely recognized. The country is home to numerous UNESCO World Heritage Sites and diverse ecosystems, from deserts to tropical forests.