Mælkallergi

Mælkallergi is a type of food allergy characterized by an immune system response to proteins found in milk from mammals such as cows, goats, and sheep. It is most commonly diagnosed in infants and young children, though it can also affect adults. The allergy involves an abnormal immune response where the body's immune system mistakenly identifies milk proteins as harmful, leading to the release of histamines and other chemicals that cause allergic symptoms.

Symptoms of mælkallergi can vary widely and may include skin reactions like hives, eczema, and swelling; gastrointestinal symptoms such as vomiting, diarrhea, and abdominal pain; respiratory issues including wheezing, coughing, and nasal congestion; and, in severe cases, anaphylaxis, a potentially life-threatening reaction that requires immediate medical attention.

Diagnosis typically involves a combination of medical history assessment, skin prick tests, blood tests for specific IgE antibodies, and oral food challenges under medical supervision. Management primarily revolves around strict avoidance of milk and dairy products. Alternative nutrition sources, such as specialized hypoallergenic formulas for infants and dairy-free diets for older individuals, are often recommended.

It is important for individuals with mælkallergi to read food labels carefully, as milk proteins can be present in processed foods, baked goods, and even non-food products like certain medications and cosmetics. While mælkallergi is different from lactose intolerance—a condition involving difficulty digesting milk sugar—it is crucial to distinguish between the two for proper management.

With appropriate avoidance strategies and medical support, individuals with mælkallergi can lead healthy lives. However, ongoing research continues to improve understanding and management of this allergy.