Lysiinia

Lysiinia is the common name used for lysine, an essential amino acid required by humans. The L-enantiomer, L-lysine, is the form used by the body in protein synthesis and metabolic processes. Humans cannot synthesize lysine and must obtain it from dietary protein.

Lysine serves as a fundamental building block of body proteins and participates in several important biological functions. It contributes to collagen formation, enzyme and hormone production, and calcium absorption. It is also a precursor in the biosynthesis of carnitine and supports immune function. Chemically, lysine is classified as strictly ketogenic, meaning its breakdown products are used to form ketone bodies rather than glucose.

Dietary sources and intake recommendations vary, but lysine is found in higher amounts in meat, fish, eggs, and dairy products, as well as certain plant foods such as legumes and soy products. Vegetarian and vegan diets can meet lysine needs with beans, lentils, soy, and quinoa. The typical recommended intake is about 30 milligrams per kilogram of body weight per day, with actual requirements influenced by age, health status, and overall diet.

Deficiency of lysine is uncommon in well-nourished populations but can occur with severe malnutrition or malabsorption. Symptoms may include growth retardation, anemia, immune dysfunction, and fatigue. Excessive lysine intake from supplements can cause gastrointestinal upset; individuals with kidney disease or those who are pregnant should consult a clinician before supplementation.

Lysine supplements have been studied for various uses, including reducing the frequency and duration of herpes simplex outbreaks. Results are mixed, and care should be taken to consider interactions with arginine, another amino acid that can influence viral replication.