Luftkvaliteten

Luftkvaliteten, or air quality, refers to the condition of the ambient air in a location as determined by the concentration of pollutants and other factors that influence health and ecosystems. It is shaped by emissions from transportation, industry, energy production, agriculture, and natural sources such as wildfires, dust, and pollen.

Common pollutants include particulate matter (PM2.5 and PM10), nitrogen dioxide (NO2), ozone (O3), sulfur dioxide (SO2), carbon monoxide (CO), and volatile organic compounds (VOCs). Biological components such as pollen and mold spores can also affect perceived air quality. To communicate health risks, many countries use an air quality index (AQI) or similar scales that blend several pollutants into a single rating and color code.

Measurement relies on ground-based monitoring stations, mobile sensors, and satellite data, combined with atmospheric models to estimate concentrations and forecast conditions. Data are published for specific places and times, enabling warnings, health advisories, and guidance for outdoor activities.

Health impacts of poor luftkvalitet include respiratory irritation, worsened asthma, reduced lung function, cardiovascular stress, and higher risks of hospitalization or death during severe episodes. Young children, older adults, pregnant individuals, and those with preexisting illnesses are especially vulnerable.

Efforts to improve luftkvaliteten focus on reducing emissions from road transport, industry, and power generation; expanding clean energy and public transit; improving indoor air management; and urban planning to reduce exposure. International and national policies establish exposure limits, monitoring networks, and standards intended to protect public health and the environment while guiding research and policy decisions.