Loppuvarasto

Loppuvarasto, also known as ending inventory or closing stock, refers to the quantity and value of goods that remain on hand at the end of an accounting period. It is reported as a current asset on the balance sheet and serves as the basis for calculating cost of goods sold on the income statement. In manufacturing, loppuvarasto includes raw materials, work‑in‑progress, and finished goods that have not yet been sold or used.

Ending inventory is determined by the accounting equation: beginning inventory plus purchases minus cost of goods sold equals ending inventory. In manufacturing and retail, the calculation may also reflect production in progress and adjustments for obsolescence or damage. The value of loppuvarasto is typically determined using cost-based methods such as FIFO (first‑in, first‑out) or a weighted‑average cost. LIFO (last‑in, first‑out) is generally not permitted under IFRS, which affects how ending inventory is valued by many companies.

The ending stock affects two main financial statements: it increases current assets on the balance sheet and reduces cost of goods sold on the income statement, thereby influencing gross profit and tax payable. Because of potential obsolescence, deterioration, or overstock, companies regularly perform physical counts and may record impairments or write-downs to net realizable value.

In practice, ongoing inventory management practices such as perpetual versus periodic counting, cycle counting, and adjustments for shrinkage or obsolescence are important to keep loppuvarasto estimates accurate and compliant with applicable accounting standards.