Lipoproteinrendellenességek

Lipoproteinrendellenességek, also known as dyslipidemias, are a group of disorders characterized by abnormal levels of lipids (fats) in the blood. These lipids include cholesterol and triglycerides. Lipoproteins are particles that transport these fats through the bloodstream. Disruptions in the production, metabolism, or clearance of these lipoproteins lead to dyslipidemias.

There are several types of dyslipidemias. Hypercholesterolemia refers to high levels of cholesterol, particularly LDL ("bad") cholesterol, which can build up in artery walls. Hypertriglyceridemia involves elevated levels of triglycerides, another type of fat. Mixed dyslipidemia is a combination of high cholesterol and high triglycerides. Conversely, hypolipidemia involves abnormally low levels of lipids, which can also have health implications.

Dyslipidemias can be caused by genetic factors (familial dyslipidemias) or by acquired factors such as unhealthy diet, lack of physical activity, obesity, diabetes, and certain medications. They are significant risk factors for cardiovascular diseases, including atherosclerosis (hardening of the arteries), heart attacks, and strokes.

Diagnosis typically involves a blood test called a lipid panel, which measures total cholesterol, LDL cholesterol, HDL ("good") cholesterol, and triglycerides. Treatment strategies aim to lower the risk of cardiovascular complications and may include lifestyle modifications such as dietary changes and increased exercise, as well as pharmacotherapy with medications like statins, fibrates, or niacin. Early detection and management are crucial for preventing long-term health consequences.