Linfecció

Linfecció is a term used in some medical contexts to denote infection of the lymphatic system, including infections of lymph nodes (lymphadenitis) and of lymphatic vessels (lymphangitis). It can arise from a primary skin or soft-tissue infection that spreads into the lymphatic routes and may involve surrounding tissues.

Most cases are bacterial, often originating from skin injuries or wounds. Common pathogens include Streptococcus pyogenes and Staphylococcus aureus, though other bacteria or fungi can be involved, especially in immunocompromised individuals. Viral infections can contribute indirectly by compromising local defenses. Effective treatment depends on identifying and addressing the source of infection and the causative organism.

Symptoms vary by location and extent but commonly include localized swelling, warmth, redness, and tenderness near affected lymph nodes; fever, malaise, and fatigue are also possible. In lymphangitis, spreading red streaks may appear along the affected lymphatic channels. Diagnostic workup is typically clinical but may include laboratory tests (complete blood count, inflammatory markers), blood cultures if systemic illness is suspected, and imaging (ultrasound or CT) to assess for abscesses or deep involvement. In uncertain cases or when infection is severe, tissue sampling or biopsy may be considered.

Treatment usually involves antimicrobial therapy directed at suspected organisms, with intravenous antibiotics for systemic or severe disease. Drainage of any abscess and addressing the source of infection are important. The prognosis is generally good with early treatment, but complications can include bacteremia, sepsis, and chronic lymphatic damage. Prevention focuses on wound care, prompt treatment of skin infections, and maintaining good hygiene.