Limp

Limp is a form of gait characterized by an irregular or uneven walk. As a noun, a limp is the act or habit of walking with difficulty, often due to pain or injury. As an adjective, limp describes something lacking stiffness, strength, or firmness, such as limp hair, a limp handshake, or limp lettuce.

The most common cause of a limp in people is pain or reduced function in one leg or hip, knee, or ankle. Causes include acute injury (sprain, fracture), arthritis, tendinopathy, nerve damage, muscle weakness, or growth-related conditions in children. Less common factors include infections, tumors, or congenital deformities. In animals, limp similarly arises from injury or arthritic change and is assessed in veterinary medicine.

Diagnosis typically starts with a medical history and physical examination. The clinician looks for asymmetry, range of motion limits, tenderness, swelling, and gait changes. Imaging such as X-ray, MRI, or ultrasound, and sometimes laboratory tests, may be used to identify fractures, infections, or inflammatory conditions.

Treatment focuses on relieving pain, promoting healing, and addressing the underlying cause. This may involve rest, ice or heat, compression, elevation, analgesics, nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs, physical therapy, assistive devices, weight management, or bracing. Severe injuries or persistent limp may require immobilization or surgery.

Prognosis depends on the cause and treatment. Most limp improves with appropriate care, but some conditions can lead to ongoing gait changes or chronic symptoms if not addressed. Rehabilitation and gradual reconditioning are often important components of recovery.