Lilies

Lilies are flowering plants in the genus Lilium, within the family Liliaceae. They are perennial bulbous plants native to temperate regions of the Northern Hemisphere and parts of Africa, but they are now cultivated worldwide for ornamental use. The group includes about 100 species and a vast array of cultivars that vary in size, color, and fragrance.

Typically, lilies grow from large underground bulbs with a papery tunic. They produce a tall, leafed stem that bears an umbel of large, six-petaled flowers (technically three outer tepals and three inner petals) arranged in a trumpet or bowl shape. Flowers may be white, yellow, orange, pink, red, or a combination, often with striking markings. Leaves are linear to lanceolate and arise along the stem, often sheathing the stem at the base of the inflorescence.

Lilies prefer well-drained, fertile soil and full sun to light shade. They are generally planted in fall for spring or early summer blooms and require regular watering during the growing season. Mulching helps conserve moisture and suppress weeds. Many cultivars are stem-supporting and may need staking, especially in windy locations. Propagation is usually by division of clumps or by bulbs; some species are grown from seed. Common cultivated groups include Asiatic, Oriental, and Trumpet lilies, each with distinct fragrance and bloom characteristics.

Pests such as lily beetle and diseases like botrytis can affect lilies, so good air circulation and proper sanitation are important. All parts of lilies can be toxic to cats if ingested, and human handling should be cautious to avoid ingestion of plant material.

Lilies are widely used as ornamental garden specimens and in cut flower arrangements, valued for their size, color diversity, and often strong fragrance. They hold cultural significance in many traditions and symbolize purity, renewal, and transience.