Liikennemelua

Liikennemelua refers to unwanted sound generated by various forms of transportation. This primarily includes noise from road traffic such as cars, trucks, and motorcycles, but also encompasses noise from trains, aircraft, and sometimes even ships. The primary sources of road traffic noise are tire-road contact, engine combustion, exhaust systems, and aerodynamic effects. Train noise originates from wheel-rail interaction, engine noise, and braking. Aircraft noise is largely due to engine operation, particularly during takeoff and landing.

The impact of liikennemelua on human health and well-being is a significant concern. Prolonged exposure to high levels of traffic noise can lead to annoyance, sleep disturbance, impaired cognitive function, and increased stress levels. In the long term, it has been linked to cardiovascular problems such as hypertension. Beyond human health, liikennemelua can also negatively affect wildlife by disrupting communication, breeding patterns, and foraging behavior.

Measuring and mitigating liikennemelua are key challenges for urban planners and environmental agencies. Noise levels are typically measured in decibels (dB). Mitigation strategies include using quieter road surfaces, implementing speed limits, improving vehicle engine and exhaust technology, constructing noise barriers, and promoting the use of public transport and non-motorized mobility. Urban planning also plays a role by strategically locating residential areas away from major transportation routes and by incorporating green spaces that can help absorb sound.