Liikaherkkyyshäiriö

Liikaherkkyyshäiriö, known in English as hypersensitivity disorder or sensory processing disorder, refers to a condition where an individual's sensory system reacts differently to stimuli than typically expected. This can manifest as either over-responsivity (hypersensitivity) or under-responsivity (hyposensitivity) to sensory input from sight, sound, touch, taste, smell, movement, and body awareness.

In hypersensitivity, individuals may find common sensory experiences overwhelming. Loud noises can be unbearable, bright lights distressing, and certain textures of clothing or food can cause significant discomfort. This can lead to avoidance behaviors, anxiety, and difficulty in social situations or everyday activities. For example, a child might cover their ears in a crowded room or refuse to wear certain types of clothing.

Conversely, hyposensitivity means individuals may not register sensory input as readily. They might seem unaware of pain, seek out intense sensory experiences like rough play or loud music, or have difficulty with motor skills and coordination. This can sometimes be mistaken for behavioral issues or attention problems, as the individual may not respond to their environment in expected ways.

Sensory processing differences are not a mental illness but rather a neurological variation. They can co-occur with other conditions such as autism spectrum disorder, ADHD, or anxiety disorders, but can also exist independently. Diagnosis typically involves a thorough assessment by an occupational therapist specializing in sensory integration. Treatment often focuses on developing strategies and environmental adaptations to help individuals manage their sensory responses and improve their participation in daily life. The goal is not to "cure" the difference but to support the individual in navigating their sensory world more effectively.