Ligamentsrupturer

Ligamentsrupturer refers to a tear of a ligament, ranging from a inexact stretch to a complete rupture. These injuries undermine joint stability and can cause pain, swelling, tenderness, and reduced function. They most often occur after sports trauma, falls, or high-energy impacts and are common in the knee, ankle, wrist, and shoulder.

In the knee, the anterior cruciate ligament (ACL), posterior cruciate ligament (PCL), medial collateral ligament (MCL), and lateral collateral ligament (LCL) are frequently involved. In the ankle, injuries typically affect the lateral ligaments such as the anterior talofibular ligament (ATFL) and calcaneofibular ligament (CFL). Ligament ruptures can also occur in the wrist (for example, the scapholunate ligament) and in the shoulder (glenohumeral ligaments). In children, ligament injuries may present as avulsion fractures where a bone fragment is pulled away with the ligament.

Diagnosis combines history and physical examination with imaging. Clinical tests assess instability, while magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) provides detailed visualization of the soft tissues and is often definitive. Ultrasound can aid in evaluating some ligaments, particularly in the ankle or wrist. X-rays are useful to detect associated fractures or avulsions.

Treatment depends on the ligament involved, the severity of rupture, and the patient’s activity level. Initial management typically follows the RICE approach (rest, ice, compression, elevation) and protection of the joint. Many partial tears heal with immobilization or bracing and structured rehabilitation. Complete ruptures or injuries in high-demand athletes may require surgical reconstruction or repair, followed by dedicated physical therapy. Complications can include chronic instability, recurrent sprains, and early joint arthritis.

Prevention focuses on strengthening, neuromuscular training, proper technique, and protective equipment to reduce the risk of ligament ruptures.