Lifts

Lifts, in general, are devices that move people or goods between levels of a building or structure. In British English, "lift" commonly refers to what Americans call an elevator. Modern lifts consist of a car travelling within a shaft, powered by traction machines or hydraulic systems, and guided by rails. Traction lifts use cables attached to a counterweight and are common in tall buildings. Hydraulic lifts use a fluid-filled cylinder to raise the car and are often used where space or speed limits are constraints. All lifts rely on safety features such as door interlocks, brakes, and an emergency communications system.

In sport and fitness, the term lifts refers to movements that raise external loads. Olympic weightlifting comprises two competition lifts: the snatch and the clean and jerk, both performed from the floor with a barbell. Powerlifting focuses on three lifts: the squat, bench press, and deadlift. These lifts are judged by technique, range of motion, and successful completion of an attempt with the prescribed weight.

History: Early hoists and inclined rails were used in mining and construction. The modern passenger lift emerged in the 19th century with the development of safer mechanisms. In the 1850s, Elisha Otis demonstrated a safety brake, contributing to widespread adoption in urban high-rise construction. The invention and refinement of lifts facilitated multi-story buildings and urban development, shaping architecture and transit in the 20th century.

Safety and regulation: Lifts are subject to national and local building codes, standards for installation, inspection, and maintenance. Regular testing, emergency communication, and accessibility features are required in many jurisdictions to ensure safe operation for users with disabilities.