Lethrinidae

Lethrinidae is a family of marine ray-finned fish, commonly known as emperor breams or grunts. These fish are found in tropical and subtropical waters of the Indo-Pacific region. They are characterized by their elongated, moderately deep bodies, large mouths, and prominent canine-like teeth, although some species have molariform teeth. Lethrinids are typically colorful, with patterns varying greatly among species.

The family comprises four genera: Lethrinus, Gymnocranius, Monotaxis, and Porocyon. The genus Lethrinus is the largest and most diverse, containing over two dozen species. Emperor breams are generally bottom-dwelling fish, inhabiting coral reefs, sandy bottoms, and seagrass beds. They are primarily carnivorous, feeding on a variety of invertebrates such as crustaceans, mollusks, and echinoderms, as well as small fish.

Lethrinids are important food fish in many parts of their range and are sought after by both commercial and recreational anglers. Some species, particularly those in the genus Lethrinus, can grow to considerable sizes and are considered prized catches. Several species are also farmed. Due to their ecological role as predators and their importance to fisheries, conservation efforts are underway for some of the more vulnerable populations.