Lemproteser

Lemproteser, or limb prostheses, are artificial devices designed to replace missing limbs or parts thereof. They are prescribed after amputation or congenital limb deficiency and aim to restore function and appearance. Modern prostheses fall into two main categories: upper limb and lower limb devices, and they range from cosmetic to highly functional systems.

Upper limb prostheses include cosmetic shells, body-powered devices operated via a harness and cable, and advanced myoelectric or pattern-recognition systems that translate residual muscle activity into movements of a terminal device, wrist, or elbow. Lower limb prostheses include transtibial (below the knee) and transfemoral (above the knee) designs, comprising a socket, pylon, knee or ankle mechanism, and foot. Suspension methods vary; sockets may be vacuum-fitted or use straps, and osseointegration is used in some cases to attach the prosthesis directly to bone.

Materials commonly used include thermoplastics, carbon fiber composites, silicones, and metals, chosen for weight, strength, and biocompatibility. The fitting and adjustment process is performed by a prosthetist, and rehabilitation focuses on improving balance, strength, and dexterity with the device.

Outcomes depend on residual limb health, prosthesis type, and user training. Prostheses can enhance mobility and independence and improve quality of life, but do not replicate natural limb function. Ongoing research explores neural control, lighter materials, better socket designs, and integrated sensory feedback, while access and cost remain important considerations for patients and health systems.