Lastverteiler

Lastverteiler, or load distribution panel, is an electrical distribution unit used to split incoming power into multiple circuits in a building or facility. It is usually housed in a metal enclosure and fitted with protective devices such as circuit breakers, fuses, residual current devices (RCDs), and sometimes contactors and overload relays. The primary function is to isolate faults, protect conductors, and simplify maintenance by organizing branch circuits under centralized control. A Lastverteiler may be a main distribution board (Hauptverteiler) or a sub-distribution board (Unterverteiler). It connects to an incoming feeder via busbars or cables and provides the necessary circuit protection and terminations for downstream loads.

Typical components include a main switch or main circuit breaker, individual circuit breakers or fuses for each circuit, neutral and earth terminals, busbars, terminal blocks, residual current devices, surge protective devices, and labeling for identification. The arrangement supports selective protection and clear fault isolation, and may include meters or communication interfaces for monitoring.

In buildings, Lastverteiler is part of the low-voltage distribution system, commonly modular and enclosed, with indoor or outdoor versions and varying IP ratings. Standards governing design and installation include IEC 61439 (or EN 61439 in Europe) and national wiring regulations such as VDE 0100 in Germany. Proper earthing, neutral management, clear labeling, adequate clearances, and safe assembly are essential for safe operation.

Maintenance consists of periodic visual inspection, thermal checks, testing of protective devices, and verification of labeling. See also Hauptverteiler and Unterverteiler.