Hauptverteiler

Hauptverteiler, also known as a main distribution board, is a central component in electrical installations that collects incoming power from the supply source and distributes it to subsidiary circuits throughout a building or facility. It serves as the primary point of protection, control, and monitoring for the electrical system, typically housing circuit breakers, residual‑current devices (RCDs), fuses, and protective earth links.

The main functions of a Hauptverteiler are to isolate the supply for maintenance, to protect downstream wiring from overloads and short circuits, and to enable selective switching of individual circuits. It is usually located near the service entrance, in a dedicated room or cupboard that complies with fire‑resistance and ventilation requirements.

Standard Hauptverteiler designs follow national standards such as IEC 60364, VDE‑0100 in Germany, or the NEC in the United States. They are constructed from insulated metal or rigid polymer enclosures, with mounting rails for modular components. Common configurations include a single‑phase board for residential use, a three‑phase board for commercial or industrial premises, and low‑voltage distribution boards for complex installations.

Installation must be performed by qualified electricians, with attention to load calculation, coordination of protective devices, and proper labeling of circuit groups. Regular inspection is required to verify tight connections, clearances, and the condition of protective devices, as prescribed by occupational safety regulations.

Related concepts include Unterverteiler (sub‑distribution boards), Schaltkästen (switch cabinets), and Stromkreis (circuits). The Hauptverteiler remains a critical element for ensuring safe, reliable, and efficient electrical supply in modern built environments.