Laktázdeficienciának

Laktázdeficienciának, commonly known as lactose intolerance, is a digestive disorder characterized by the inability to fully digest lactose, a sugar found in milk and dairy products. This inability stems from a deficiency in lactase, an enzyme produced in the small intestine. Lactase is responsible for breaking down lactose into simpler sugars, glucose and galactose, which can then be absorbed into the bloodstream. When lactase is insufficient, undigested lactose passes into the large intestine where it is fermented by bacteria.

The symptoms of lactase deficiency typically manifest as gastrointestinal distress. These can include bloating, abdominal pain, cramping, gas, diarrhea, and nausea. The severity of symptoms can vary greatly depending on the amount of lactose consumed and the individual's level of lactase deficiency. Some individuals can tolerate small amounts of lactose without experiencing significant discomfort, while others react to even trace amounts.

There are several types of lactase deficiency. Primary lactase deficiency, also known as adult-onset lactase deficiency, is the most common form. It is genetically determined and typically develops in late childhood or adulthood, with lactase production gradually decreasing over time. Secondary lactase deficiency can occur at any age due to damage to the small intestine, often caused by conditions like celiac disease, Crohn's disease, gastroenteritis, or chemotherapy. Congenital lactase deficiency is a rare genetic disorder present from birth where the small intestine produces little or no lactase.

Diagnosis is usually based on symptoms and can be confirmed through a hydrogen breath test or a lactose tolerance test. Management of lactase deficiency primarily involves dietary modification. This typically includes reducing or eliminating dairy products from the diet or opting for lactose-free alternatives. Lactase enzyme supplements can also be taken before consuming dairy products to aid digestion.