Laktoferiini

Laktoferiini is a glycoprotein belonging to the transferrin family, primarily recognized for its role in iron binding and immune response. It is a subset of lactoferrins, which are iron-binding proteins found in various secretory fluids, including milk, saliva, and tears, as well as in secondary granules of neutrophils. Laktoferiini is especially abundant in human milk, where it contributes to neonatal immune protection and iron homeostasis.

Structurally, laktoferiini consists of a single polypeptide chain with two lobes, each capable of binding a ferric ion (Fe3+). Its high affinity for iron deprives pathogenic bacteria of the iron necessary for their growth, thereby exerting an antimicrobial effect. Additionally, laktoferiini displays anti-inflammatory, antiviral, and immunomodulatory properties, making it a significant component of innate immunity.

Research indicates that laktoferiini may have therapeutic potential in various conditions, including infections, inflammatory diseases, and iron deficiency anemia. Its ability to modulate immune responses and promote tissue regeneration is also being investigated. In clinical applications, purified laktoferiini or lactoferrin-rich extracts are utilized as dietary supplements or adjuncts to conventional therapies.

While commonly associated with human milk, laktoferiini is also present in cow's milk and other mammalian secretions, with varying concentrations. Its stability and bioavailability make it an attractive candidate for functional food development and therapeutic use.

Overall, laktoferiini plays a crucial role in the body's defense mechanisms by regulating iron availability and supporting immune functions, highlighting its significance in health and disease management.