Külmadeni

Külmadeni is a term used in Estonian to describe a specific type of traditional folk music, particularly prevalent in the historical region of Setomaa. It generally refers to vocal polyphony, often characterized by its unique melodic structures and harmonies. These singing traditions are deeply rooted in the cultural heritage of the Seto people, an ethnographic group with a distinct language and customs.

The music of külmadeni is typically performed by women, and it often features a distinctive "kurdilaul" or "drone singing" technique, where one or more voices hold a sustained note while others sing the melody. This creates a rich and resonant soundscape. The lyrical content of külmadeni songs frequently revolves around themes of daily life, nature, love, and historical events, serving as a form of oral history and cultural expression.

The preservation and performance of külmadeni are considered vital to maintaining Seto cultural identity. Efforts by cultural organizations and individuals have been instrumental in documenting, teaching, and promoting this traditional vocal music, ensuring its continuation for future generations. The unique sound and cultural significance of külmadeni have also garnered international recognition, contributing to the broader appreciation of European folk music traditions.