Közelfelszín

Közelfelszín is a Hungarian term used in geology and geophysics to describe the shallow subsurface, typically extending from the ground surface down to a depth of a few tens or hundreds of meters. This zone is of significant interest for various practical applications, including groundwater exploration, geotechnical engineering, environmental studies, and archaeology. Understanding the properties of the közelfelszín is crucial for activities such as construction, infrastructure development, and resource management.

The composition and structure of the közelfelszín can vary greatly depending on the geological setting. It commonly includes unconsolidated materials like soil, sand, gravel, and clay, as well as weathered bedrock. Geophysical methods, such as seismic refraction, ground-penetrating radar (GPR), and electrical resistivity tomography (ERT), are frequently employed to investigate and map the közelfelszín without the need for extensive drilling. These techniques provide insights into the stratigraphy, material properties, and presence of anomalies within this shallow layer.

In environmental contexts, the közelfelszín plays a vital role in the transport and fate of pollutants. Its permeability and porosity influence how contaminants spread through groundwater or soil. Geotechnical engineers analyze the közelfelszín to assess soil stability, bearing capacity, and potential risks for building foundations. Similarly, archaeologists often use geophysical surveys to identify buried structures or artifacts within the shallow subsurface. The study of the közelfelszín is therefore fundamental to a wide range of Earth science and applied disciplines.