Kõrgendasmad

Kõrgendasmad, also known as *Kõrgenduse Madalad* or "Elevated Meadows," are a series of elevated grasslands and wetlands located in the northern part of Estonia, primarily in the counties of Ida-Viru and Lääne-Viru. These unique landscapes are characterized by their distinct topography, where grassy plains and marshes sit atop raised, sandy ridges, creating a striking contrast with the surrounding lowlands.

The formation of Kõrgendasmad is attributed to glacial activity during the last Ice Age. As glaciers retreated, they left behind deposits of sand and clay, which gradually formed the elevated ridges. Over time, peat accumulated in the depressions between these ridges, creating the wetland areas seen today. This combination of sandy ridges and peatlands supports a diverse range of flora and fauna, making the region ecologically significant.

The area is particularly known for its rich biodiversity, including rare and endangered species such as the European pond turtle (*Emys orbicularis*), the Eurasian bittern (*Botaurus stellaris*), and various orchid species. The wetlands also serve as important breeding grounds for migratory birds, attracting ornithologists and nature enthusiasts.

Kõrgendasmad are part of the broader network of protected natural areas in Estonia. Some sections of the region are designated as nature reserves, such as the Kõrgenduse Madalad Nature Reserve, which aims to preserve the unique ecosystem and its biodiversity. The area is also accessible to visitors, offering opportunities for hiking, birdwatching, and educational tours focused on environmental conservation.

The ecological and cultural importance of Kõrgendasmad extends beyond Estonia’s borders, as similar landscapes are found in other parts of Northern Europe. However, the specific combination of sandy ridges and peatlands in this region makes it a distinctive and valuable natural heritage site. Conservation efforts continue to ensure the long-term protection of this fragile yet resilient ecosystem.