Käärsoolevähka

Käärsoolevähka, also known as colorectal cancer, is a type of cancer that begins in the large intestine or the rectum. It is one of the most common cancers worldwide. The development of käärsoolevähka typically starts as a polyp, a small growth on the inner lining of the colon or rectum. Some polyps can become cancerous over time, though not all do.

Risk factors for developing käärsoolevähka include age, with the risk increasing significantly after 50. Family history of colorectal cancer or polyps, inflammatory bowel diseases such as Crohn's disease or ulcerative colitis, and certain genetic syndromes like familial adenomatous polyposis (FAP) or Lynch syndrome are also important factors. Lifestyle choices can also contribute to the risk, including a diet low in fiber and high in red and processed meats, lack of physical activity, obesity, smoking, and heavy alcohol consumption.

Symptoms of käärsoolevähka can vary and may not appear in the early stages. When they do occur, they can include a change in bowel habits, such as diarrhea or constipation, rectal bleeding or blood in the stool, persistent abdominal discomfort like cramps or gas, and unexplained weight loss. Anemia due to blood loss can also be a sign.

Screening is crucial for early detection and prevention. Colonoscopies, sigmoidoscopies, fecal occult blood tests, and stool DNA tests are common screening methods. Early detection greatly improves the chances of successful treatment. Treatment options depend on the stage of the cancer and can include surgery to remove the cancerous tissue, chemotherapy, radiation therapy, or targeted therapy.