Kyynärkoukistus

Kyynärkoukistus, or "elbow hyperextension," refers to an injury or condition where the elbow joint is forced beyond its normal range of motion, typically causing damage to the ligaments, tendons, or bones around the joint. This type of injury is relatively rare compared to common elbow issues like tennis elbow or dislocations but can occur in sports, falls, or direct trauma.

The elbow joint is stabilized by several ligaments, including the ulnar collateral ligament (UCL) and radial collateral ligament, which prevent excessive extension. When these structures are stretched or torn beyond their limits, kyynärkoukistus may result. Symptoms often include immediate pain, swelling, bruising, and difficulty moving the elbow. In severe cases, there may be a popping sensation at the time of injury, indicating a possible ligament tear.

Diagnosis typically involves a physical examination by a healthcare professional to assess range of motion, tenderness, and stability of the joint. Imaging tests, such as X-rays or MRI scans, may be used to rule out fractures or more complex ligament damage. Treatment usually begins with rest, ice, compression, and elevation (RICE protocol) to reduce swelling and pain. Physical therapy is often recommended to restore strength and flexibility to the elbow.

For mild cases, recovery is usually gradual, with most individuals regaining full function within a few weeks. More severe injuries, particularly those involving ligament tears, may require surgical intervention to repair the damaged structures. Rehabilitation following surgery is critical to ensure proper healing and prevent long-term complications such as stiffness or instability.

Prevention of kyynärkoukistus involves avoiding excessive strain on the elbow, particularly in sports that involve repetitive overhead motions or sudden impacts. Strengthening the muscles around the elbow and maintaining good overall joint health can also reduce the risk of injury.