Kuumahäiriöön

Kuumahäiriöön, known scientifically as heat disorder, refers to a range of conditions that can occur when the body is exposed to excessive heat, leading to a failure of its temperature regulation mechanisms. These disorders are a spectrum, with severity increasing with prolonged exposure and higher temperatures.

The mildest form is heat rash, also known as prickly heat, which is caused by blocked sweat ducts. It presents as small red bumps or blisters. More serious is heat edema, characterized by swelling in the ankles and feet due to fluid retention in the heat.

Heat cramps are painful muscle spasms, often occurring in the legs, arms, or abdomen, typically during or after intense exercise in hot conditions. These are usually a sign that the body has lost too much salt through sweating.

Heat exhaustion is a more significant condition, developing when the body loses excessive fluids and salt. Symptoms can include heavy sweating, weakness, dizziness, nausea, headache, and a rapid, weak pulse. The skin may feel cool and clammy.

The most severe and life-threatening heat disorder is heatstroke. This occurs when the body's core temperature rises dangerously high, usually above 40°C (104°F), and the body's cooling mechanisms fail. Heatstroke is a medical emergency and can cause damage to the brain, heart, kidneys, and muscles. Symptoms include a high body temperature, hot, red, dry or damp skin, a throbbing headache, confusion, and loss of consciousness. Immediate medical attention is crucial for heatstroke. Factors increasing risk include dehydration, strenuous activity in heat, and certain medical conditions or medications.