Kuulovamma

Kuulovamma is the Finnish term for hearing impairment, referring to a partial or total reduction in the ability to hear. It can affect one ear (unilateral) or both (bilateral) and ranges from mild to profound. Clinically it is categorized as conductive, sensorineural, or mixed.

Conductive loss results from problems in the outer or middle ear that impede sound transmission, while sensorineural loss involves the inner ear or auditory nerve. Mixed loss includes both components. Severity is described as mild, moderate, severe, or profound and may be stable or progressive. Loss can be congenital or acquired and may be unilateral or bilateral.

Causes are diverse. Congenital or genetic factors, prenatal infections, and perinatal complications can play a role. Acquired causes include prolonged exposure to loud noise, age-related degeneration (presbycusis), ototoxic medications, infections such as otitis media, Menière’s disease, head trauma, and tumors such as acoustic neuromas.

Diagnosis relies on an audiological assessment, including pure-tone and speech audiometry, tympanometry, and otoacoustic emissions. When indicated, imaging (for example, MRI or CT) and electrophysiological tests (such as auditory brainstem response) may be used to determine the cause and appropriate treatment.

Management emphasizes hearing rehabilitation and communication support. Options include amplification with hearing aids or bone-conduction devices, cochlear implants for severe sensorineural loss, and medical or surgical treatment for certain conductive causes. Assistive listening devices, sign language, and auditory rehabilitation programs improve function and quality of life. Prevention focuses on protecting ears from excessive noise, avoiding ototoxic exposure when possible, and treating ear infections promptly.