KunststoffHarz

Kunststoffharz is a general term used in plastics technology to describe resins that serve as the starting material for polymer production. They are typically viscous liquids or semi-solid prepolymers that, after processing, form solid polymers either by curing or polymerization.

Resins are commonly categorized into thermosetting and thermoplastic types. Thermosetting resins, such as epoxy, phenolic, unsaturated polyester, melamine, and some polyurethanes, cure to form cross-linked networks and cannot be remelted. Thermoplastic resins, including polyolefins, polystyrene, polyvinyl chloride, polycarbonates, and acrylics, soften upon heating and can be remelted and reshaped.

Processing methods include casting, casting in molds, injection and compression molding, resin transfer molding, and fabrication of composites by combining resin matrices with reinforcements like glass or carbon fibers. Additives such as hardeners, catalysts, stabilizers, fillers, and pigments are commonly used to tailor properties and processing behavior.

Applications span coatings, adhesives, electrical and electronic encapsulation, automotive and aerospace components, consumer goods, and reinforced composite parts used in sports equipment and wind turbines.

Environmental and safety considerations include handling hazards for certain resins and curing agents, emissions during curing, and challenges in recycling particularly thermosetting systems. Developments in bio-based resins and recycling approaches aim to improve sustainability.